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Volume 1 Appendix B

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Processes for Producing the Community Distribution Model Regions' Mapping Layers

The Community Distribution Model (CDM) maps in this report, and the population density data sets used to create Figure 11 , were generated using the Microsoft Access CDM database and ESRI ArcView GIS software. The process involved four steps which are explained here. Note that steps 1-3 are interdependent, and were repeated in iterative fashion to achieve the final results.

Step 1

A field called "REGION" was included in the "BAPTISM " table of the CDM Microsoft ACCESS database. Using locational techniques described in Chapter IV, an attempt was made to assign each named individual to a local region. Eventually, 31,363 of the 32,381 baptized tribal Indian people (i.e., 97%) were assigned to a region (assignments were not made for 1,018 records of people from the "Tulares").

Step 2

A separate table was created in the CDM database, called "REGIONS" It contained one record for each region listed in the BAPTISM table. In this table, fields were added that provided information about specific regional groups, such as rancheria names, languages spoken in the region, and Caltrans District (See Appendix A, Table A-1).

Step 3

The regions were reproduced as mapped polygons on a GIS map layer using ESRI ArcView. The layer was prepared as follows:

  • Initial regional boundaries were digitized by hand as a polyline shapefile in the GIS, with the 1:500,000 USGS California base map as an underlying reference. Concurrently, a point was centrally digitized in each region and its unique name was entered in the point shapefile’s attribute table. Where regions would be spatially discontiguous in the completed polygon shapefile (e.g., due to intervening areas of open water), each area was given a duplicate label point.
  • Boundary lines were subjected to a smoothing procedure to eliminate small irregularities in the digitized lines.
  • A coastline shapefile that represented the Pacific coast and large estuaries was then merged with those smoothed lines.
  • These lines were then subjected to standard "clean" and "build" procedures to generate polygons
  • Region-name attributes were applied from the point shapefile.
  • The polygons were then subjected to a standard "dissolve" procedure on the region-name attribute, so that discontiguous polygons with the same region name were merged into a single, multi-part shape.
  • The area of each region in square miles was then calculated by an ArcView algorithm.
  • Apart from digitizing in the first step, this procedure was automated via an ESRI ArcToolbox model (titled "Build areas").

Step 4

The completed polygon shapefile was linked to the ACCESS database using the common region-name attribute. Among other things, this allowed population densities to be calculated as follows:

  • The GIS-calculated area of each region was copied from the GIS layer’s attribute table into a dedicated field in the ACCESS database REGIONS TABLE.
  • The total number of adults baptized in each region was calculated from the CDM ACCESS database by summing up the number of baptisms for individuals over 14 years of age that had been assigned to each region. (A very small number of these were adjusted by adding adults baptized at Mission San Luis Obispo, outside the model’s southern boundary.)
  • The resulting baptized adult population for a region was then divided by a regional mortality factor to generate an inferred pre-mission adult population. That inferred adult population was multiplied by two to produce an inferred total population (it is assumed that "adults" over 14 years of age and children under 15 would have represented equal portions of normal pre-mission populations).
  • Population density was then calculated by dividing these adjusted population estimates by the total area of each region
  • The resultant population density was listed for each region in a field in the ACCESS database REGIONS TABLE.

The population mortality factor, often different from one region to another, is key to the resulting inferred population density. Table B-1 shows the results for the Bay Area Analytical Zone.

Step 5

The completed polygon shapefile data in the GIS system were combined with data from the ACCESS database to generate the maps expressing various kinds of qualities and groupings of regions. For instance, population density information from the ACCESS database REGIONS TABLE was imported into an ESRI ArcMap document and used to create the color-coded density values shown in Figures 10 and 11.

Step 6

Near-finished ArcView maps were exported to Adobe Illustrator for final production.

Table B-1. Selected Attributes of Regions in the Bay Area Analytical Zone.
Research Zones/Mapping Regions Baptized Adults Avg. Adult Baptism Year Tribal Mortality Factor Adjusted Total Population Area in Square Miles Population per Square Mile Predominant Rancherias
(Missions Noted in Order of Importance)
COAST MIWOK REGIONS
Richardson Bay 100 1798 0.84 238 47 5.09 Huimen (DO)
Bolinas Bay 69 1802 0.78 177 56 3.17 Guaulen (DO)
San Rafael 172 1804 0.72 478 59 8.06 Habasto (DO)
Olema 199 1807 0.62 642 99 6.43 Olema (DO)
Novato Creek 220 1812 0.56 786 50 15.62 Omiomi/Geluasibe (DO)
Sears Point 102 1816 0.52 392 60 6.52 Alaguali/Tamalcolo (DO/JO)
Sonoma 104 1816 0.52 400 68 5.84 Choquoime (DO/JO/FS)
Tomales Bay-South 203 1816 0.52 781 98 8.22 Echacolom/Mottococha/Pusula (DO/RA)
Petaluma Slough 238 1817 0.51 933 73 12.76 Olompali/Chocoay/Puscuy (DO/RA)
Petaluma 143 1818 0.50 572 67 8.50 Petaluma (DO/RA/FS)
Suscol Creek 171 1815 0.53 645 89 7.38 Napa (JO/DO)
Tomales Bay-North 157 1820 0.48 654 97 6.56 Segloque/Calupetamal/Yaui (RA)
Bloomfield/Cotati 86 1822 0.46 374 65 5.77 Licatiut/Geluayomi (RA)
CHOCHENYO COSTANOAN REGIONS
Berkeley 162 1792 0.90 360 57 6.35 Huchiun-southern villages (DO)
Lafayette 107 1796 0.86 249 68 3.69 Saclan (DO)
Fremont 372 1797 0.85 875 153 5.70 Alson (CL/JO), Tuibun (JO)
San Leandro 153 1802 0.78 392 96 4.11 Jalquin (DO), Irgin (JO)
Livermore Valley 305 1803 0.75 813 199 4.08 Causen (CL/JO), Seunen (JO), Pelnen (JO), Souyen (JO)
Brushy Peak 78 1804 0.72 216 129 1.67 Ssaoan (JO)
San Pablo/Mare Island 164 1804 0.72 456 96 4.74 Huchiun-northern (DO), Huchiun Aguasto (DO)
Alamo 106 1804 0.72 294 69 4.28 Tatcan (DO)
Marsh Creek 77 1805 0.69 223 105 2.13 Volvon (DO/JO)
Carquinez Strait 99 1808 0.60 330 65 5.07 Carquin (DO)
Concord 96 1810 0.58 331 67 4.96 Chupcan (DO/JO)


RAMAYTUSH COSTANOAN REGIONS
San Francisco 68 1781 0.99 137 50 2.75 Yelamu (DO)
San Bruno 19 1782 0.98 39 20 1.90 Urebure (DO)
Pacifica 25 1784 0.97 52 25 2.08 Pruristac, Chiguan (DO)
Half Moon Bay 23 1787 0.95 48 56 0.87 Pruristac, Chiguan (DO)
San Mateo 93 1788 0.94 198 58 3.44 Ssalson (DO)
Purisima Creek 25 1790 0.92 54 38 1.65 Cotegen (DO)
Woodside 106 1791 0.91 233 53 4.41 Lamchin (DO)
San Gregorio Creek 69 1791 0.91 152 60 2.53 Oljon (DO)
Whitehouse Creek 129 1793 0.89 290 97 2.98 Quiroste (DO/CL/CR)
Portola Valley 116 1794 0.88 264 64 4.15 Olpen (DO/CL)
TAMIEN COSTANOAN REGIONS
Santa Clara 159 1789 1.02 312 52 5.94 Tamien (CL)
South San Jose 296 1793 0.89 665 172 3.86 San Carlos (CL)
Los Altos 180 1793 0.89 404 71 5.72 Puichon (DO), San Bernardino (CL)
Saratoga Gap 80 1795 0.87 184 73 2.38 San Bernardino (CL), Partacsi (CR)
Alviso 159 1795 0.87 366 59 6.23 San Francisco Solano (CL), Alson (JO)
East San Jose 115 1797 0.85 271 57 4.71 Santa Ysabel (CL)
Hall’s Valley 122 1798 0.84 290 107 2.72 San Antonio (CL), Paleños (CL)
Upper Alameda Creek 190 1801 0.81 469 198 2.37 Taunan (JO), Asirin (CL, JO)
Morgan Hill 167 1801 0.81 412 135 3.04 San Carlos, Matalan (CL), Somontac (CR)
San Antonio Valley 98 1805 0.69 284 165 1.72 San Carlos, Aloc, Murcuig (all CL)
Corral Hollow 83 1806 0.65 255 143 1.79 Luecha (CL/JO)
Orestimba Creek 202 1806 0.65 622 353 1.77 Tayssen (CL)
Del Puerto Creek 102 1808 0.60 340 181 1.88 Juñas (CL)
Hospital Creek 80 1809 0.59 271 106 2.55 Bolbon (CL), Volvon del Sur (JO)

Notes: AVG. – Average; Codes for missions of baptism are as follows: AN – San Antonio; CA – Carmel; CL – Santa Clara; CR – Santa Cruz; DO – Dolores; FS – San Francisco Solano; JB – San Juan Bautista; JO – San Jose; LO – San Luis Obispo; MI – San Miguel; RA – San Rafael; SO – Soledad; a Regions without population data were not completely evacuated to the missions.

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