HERNDON REGION - Revision history

Shannon at 22:36, 27 July 2010

2010-07-27T22:36:12Z

WikiSysop at 19:24, 17 June 2010

2010-06-17T19:24:39Z

WikiSysop: /* HERNDON REGION – HOYIMA LOCAL TRIBE */

2010-04-15T19:26:42Z

‎HERNDON REGION – HOYIMA LOCAL TRIBE

WikiSysop: /* HERNDON REGION – HOYIMA LOCAL TRIBE */

2010-04-15T19:25:59Z

‎HERNDON REGION – HOYIMA LOCAL TRIBE

WikiSysop at 18:50, 15 April 2010

2010-04-15T18:50:50Z

Paul: 1 revision

2010-04-07T19:47:05Z

1 revision

Shannon: /* Environment */

2010-03-10T20:15:38Z

‎Environment

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← Older revision		Revision as of 22:36, 27 July 2010
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	''Wallace 1978''. The California volume (Heizer 1978) divided Yokuts groups into Northern Valley, Southern Valley, and Foothill, to discuss the large Yokuts language family territory in three conveniently-sized chapters. The Herndon region was included within the arbitrary Northern Valley Yokuts chapter, written by William Wallace. Wallace (1978:462) mapped the Hoyima on the north side of the San Joaquin River, the Pitkachi along the southern side of the San Joaquin, and the Wakichi on the south side just upstream from the Pitkachi. In text, Wallace (1978:466) wrote, “On the north side of the San Joaquin where it flows across the lowlands before turning north lived the Hoyima; on the opposite bank were the Pitkachi, and farther upstream, the Wakichi” (Wallace 1978:466). The placements follow Kroeber (1925). Overall, the chapter should be considered a secondary source on Yokuts ethnogeography.		''Wallace 1978''. The California volume (Heizer 1978) divided Yokuts groups into Northern Valley, Southern Valley, and Foothill, to discuss the large Yokuts language family territory in three conveniently-sized chapters. The Herndon region was included within the arbitrary Northern Valley Yokuts chapter, written by William Wallace. Wallace (1978:462) mapped the Hoyima on the north side of the San Joaquin River, the Pitkachi along the southern side of the San Joaquin, and the Wakichi on the south side just upstream from the Pitkachi. In text, Wallace (1978:466) wrote, “On the north side of the San Joaquin where it flows across the lowlands before turning north lived the Hoyima; on the opposite bank were the Pitkachi, and farther upstream, the Wakichi” (Wallace 1978:466). The placements follow Kroeber (1925). Overall, the chapter should be considered a secondary source on Yokuts ethnogeography.

−	[[category:region]]	+
		+	[[category:region]][[Category:Volume_9\|R]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:24, 17 June 2010
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	''Wallace 1978''. The California volume (Heizer 1978) divided Yokuts groups into Northern Valley, Southern Valley, and Foothill, to discuss the large Yokuts language family territory in three conveniently-sized chapters. The Herndon region was included within the arbitrary Northern Valley Yokuts chapter, written by William Wallace. Wallace (1978:462) mapped the Hoyima on the north side of the San Joaquin River, the Pitkachi along the southern side of the San Joaquin, and the Wakichi on the south side just upstream from the Pitkachi. In text, Wallace (1978:466) wrote, “On the north side of the San Joaquin where it flows across the lowlands before turning north lived the Hoyima; on the opposite bank were the Pitkachi, and farther upstream, the Wakichi” (Wallace 1978:466). The placements follow Kroeber (1925). Overall, the chapter should be considered a secondary source on Yokuts ethnogeography.		''Wallace 1978''. The California volume (Heizer 1978) divided Yokuts groups into Northern Valley, Southern Valley, and Foothill, to discuss the large Yokuts language family territory in three conveniently-sized chapters. The Herndon region was included within the arbitrary Northern Valley Yokuts chapter, written by William Wallace. Wallace (1978:462) mapped the Hoyima on the north side of the San Joaquin River, the Pitkachi along the southern side of the San Joaquin, and the Wakichi on the south side just upstream from the Pitkachi. In text, Wallace (1978:466) wrote, “On the north side of the San Joaquin where it flows across the lowlands before turning north lived the Hoyima; on the opposite bank were the Pitkachi, and farther upstream, the Wakichi” (Wallace 1978:466). The placements follow Kroeber (1925). Overall, the chapter should be considered a secondary source on Yokuts ethnogeography.
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		+	[[category:region]]

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 =HERNDON REGION – HOYIMA LOCAL TRIBE=
-[[Image:Topo_Herndon.png|200px|thumb|right|Herndon Topographic Map]][[Image:Herndon1.png|200px|thumb|right|Herndon Region Map]][[Image:Herndon_Photo1.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Photo of Herndon Region along Route 145]][[Image:Herndon_Photo2.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Photo of Herndon Region along Route 145]]The Hoyima local tribe of Northern Valley Yokuts-speakers are confidently placed as the contact-period inhabitants of the northern and central Herndon region, along Cottonwood Creek and a nearby stretch of the San Joaquin River, on the basis of Mexican expedition evidence and later ethnographic accounts. We are less confident about the extent of their land control in that portion of the Herndon region that lies south of the San Joaquin River. The Herndon region straddles the Fresno-Madera county boundary along the San Joaquin River; it is now the site of the small towns of Biota, Herndon, and Pinedale, as well as the northwest portion of the sprawling city of Fresno. While the Hoyima are well-documented to have lived on the north side of the San Joaquin River and along Cottonwood Creek, Kroeber indicated that the area south of the San Joaquin River belonged to the Pitkachi, another Northern Valley Yokuts-speaking local tribe. But if that was so, the Hoyima were pinned into a remarkably small area, while the Pitcatchi held an inordinately large area (see Kerman-region discussion of the Pitkachi). Kroeber placed the Wakichi, still another Northern Valley Yokuts local tribe, along the south side of the San Joaquin River in the Pinedale vicinity of the Herndon region, extending over into the Friant region to the east; the Wakichi, represented only once or twice in mission baptismal records, seem to have been a sub-section of the Hoyima, perhaps a single village group. Kroeber also placed one Hoyima village, Moyoliu, farther upriver in the Friant region. We tentatively suggest that Hoyima habitation on the San Joaquin River upstream from the Herndon region was probably part of the post-Gold Rush gathering of local tribes in the neighborhood of Fort Miller, now under Millerton Lake.
+[[Image:Topo_Herndon.png|200px|thumb|right|Herndon Topographic Map]][[Image:Herndon1.png|200px|thumb|right|Herndon Region Map]][[Image:Herndon_Photo1.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Photo of Herndon Region along Route 41]][[Image:Herndon_Photo2.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Photo of Herndon Region along Route 145]]The Hoyima local tribe of Northern Valley Yokuts-speakers are confidently placed as the contact-period inhabitants of the northern and central Herndon region, along Cottonwood Creek and a nearby stretch of the San Joaquin River, on the basis of Mexican expedition evidence and later ethnographic accounts. We are less confident about the extent of their land control in that portion of the Herndon region that lies south of the San Joaquin River. The Herndon region straddles the Fresno-Madera county boundary along the San Joaquin River; it is now the site of the small towns of Biota, Herndon, and Pinedale, as well as the northwest portion of the sprawling city of Fresno. While the Hoyima are well-documented to have lived on the north side of the San Joaquin River and along Cottonwood Creek, Kroeber indicated that the area south of the San Joaquin River belonged to the Pitkachi, another Northern Valley Yokuts-speaking local tribe. But if that was so, the Hoyima were pinned into a remarkably small area, while the Pitcatchi held an inordinately large area (see Kerman-region discussion of the Pitkachi). Kroeber placed the Wakichi, still another Northern Valley Yokuts local tribe, along the south side of the San Joaquin River in the Pinedale vicinity of the Herndon region, extending over into the Friant region to the east; the Wakichi, represented only once or twice in mission baptismal records, seem to have been a sub-section of the Hoyima, perhaps a single village group. Kroeber also placed one Hoyima village, Moyoliu, farther upriver in the Friant region. We tentatively suggest that Hoyima habitation on the San Joaquin River upstream from the Herndon region was probably part of the post-Gold Rush gathering of local tribes in the neighborhood of Fort Miller, now under Millerton Lake.
 The Hoyima lived along the eastern edge of major Franciscan mission outreach impact; just to their west, the Copcha were completely absorbed into the mission system, while the Dumna to the east sent only a handful of people to the missions. Ninety-four Hoyimas were baptized, spread among four different missions (predominately San Juan Bautista) over the long time period of 1820-1842. Additionally, three Wakichi individuals were baptized at Mission Soledad. The baptized Hoyima had an inordinately high child to adult ratio (55 people under 15 to 42 over 15); most groups brought to the missions in the 1820s had twice as many adults as children, due to years of disease-induced infant mortality. The Hoyima at the missions also had a remarkably low representation of pre-mission married couples, only five, and a large number of widowed women. These demographic patterns, together with documentation of Mexican attacks on the Hoyima in 1826 and 1828 for horse raiding, suggest that the missionized Hoyima were the remnant portion of a partially-annihilated people.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 =HERNDON REGION – HOYIMA LOCAL TRIBE=
-[[Image:Topo_Herndon.png|right|Herndon Map]]The Hoyima local tribe of Northern Valley Yokuts-speakers are confidently placed as the contact-period inhabitants of the northern and central Herndon region, along Cottonwood Creek and a nearby stretch of the San Joaquin River, on the basis of Mexican expedition evidence and later ethnographic accounts. We are less confident about the extent of their land control in that portion of the Herndon region that lies south of the San Joaquin River. The Herndon region straddles the Fresno-Madera county boundary along the San Joaquin River; it is now the site of the small towns of Biota, Herndon, and Pinedale, as well as the northwest portion of the sprawling city of Fresno. While the Hoyima are well-documented to have lived on the north side of the San Joaquin River and along Cottonwood Creek, Kroeber indicated that the area south of the San Joaquin River belonged to the Pitkachi, another Northern Valley Yokuts-speaking local tribe. But if that was so, the Hoyima were pinned into a remarkably small area, while the Pitcatchi held an inordinately large area (see Kerman-region discussion of the Pitkachi). Kroeber placed the Wakichi, still another Northern Valley Yokuts local tribe, along the south side of the San Joaquin River in the Pinedale vicinity of the Herndon region, extending over into the Friant region to the east; the Wakichi, represented only once or twice in mission baptismal records, seem to have been a sub-section of the Hoyima, perhaps a single village group. Kroeber also placed one Hoyima village, Moyoliu, farther upriver in the Friant region. We tentatively suggest that Hoyima habitation on the San Joaquin River upstream from the Herndon region was probably part of the post-Gold Rush gathering of local tribes in the neighborhood of Fort Miller, now under Millerton Lake.
+[[Image:Topo_Herndon.png|200px|thumb|right|Herndon Topographic Map]][[Image:Herndon1.png|200px|thumb|right|Herndon Region Map]][[Image:Herndon_Photo1.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Photo of Herndon Region along Route 145]][[Image:Herndon_Photo2.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Photo of Herndon Region along Route 145]]The Hoyima local tribe of Northern Valley Yokuts-speakers are confidently placed as the contact-period inhabitants of the northern and central Herndon region, along Cottonwood Creek and a nearby stretch of the San Joaquin River, on the basis of Mexican expedition evidence and later ethnographic accounts. We are less confident about the extent of their land control in that portion of the Herndon region that lies south of the San Joaquin River. The Herndon region straddles the Fresno-Madera county boundary along the San Joaquin River; it is now the site of the small towns of Biota, Herndon, and Pinedale, as well as the northwest portion of the sprawling city of Fresno. While the Hoyima are well-documented to have lived on the north side of the San Joaquin River and along Cottonwood Creek, Kroeber indicated that the area south of the San Joaquin River belonged to the Pitkachi, another Northern Valley Yokuts-speaking local tribe. But if that was so, the Hoyima were pinned into a remarkably small area, while the Pitcatchi held an inordinately large area (see Kerman-region discussion of the Pitkachi). Kroeber placed the Wakichi, still another Northern Valley Yokuts local tribe, along the south side of the San Joaquin River in the Pinedale vicinity of the Herndon region, extending over into the Friant region to the east; the Wakichi, represented only once or twice in mission baptismal records, seem to have been a sub-section of the Hoyima, perhaps a single village group. Kroeber also placed one Hoyima village, Moyoliu, farther upriver in the Friant region. We tentatively suggest that Hoyima habitation on the San Joaquin River upstream from the Herndon region was probably part of the post-Gold Rush gathering of local tribes in the neighborhood of Fort Miller, now under Millerton Lake.
 The Hoyima lived along the eastern edge of major Franciscan mission outreach impact; just to their west, the Copcha were completely absorbed into the mission system, while the Dumna to the east sent only a handful of people to the missions. Ninety-four Hoyimas were baptized, spread among four different missions (predominately San Juan Bautista) over the long time period of 1820-1842. Additionally, three Wakichi individuals were baptized at Mission Soledad. The baptized Hoyima had an inordinately high child to adult ratio (55 people under 15 to 42 over 15); most groups brought to the missions in the 1820s had twice as many adults as children, due to years of disease-induced infant mortality. The Hoyima at the missions also had a remarkably low representation of pre-mission married couples, only five, and a large number of widowed women. These demographic patterns, together with documentation of Mexican attacks on the Hoyima in 1826 and 1828 for horse raiding, suggest that the missionized Hoyima were the remnant portion of a partially-annihilated people.
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==Environment==
-[[Image:Herndon_Photo1.jpg|left|200px|thumb|Photo of Herndon Region along Route 145]]The Herndon region is flat valley land with elevations varying from 220 feet on the west to 380 feet on the east. The region was well-watered from Sierran sources, with the San Joaquin River running westward through the south-central area, and smaller Cottonwood Creek through the north area. Native vegetation was predominately valley grassland, with scattered valley oaks in the eastern portion. Willows, cottonwoods, and occasional sycamores lined the rivers. A dense cottonwood grove bordered the San Joaquin River from Herndon almost to Pinedale, and a grove of valley oak occurred along the river north of Pinedale.
+The Herndon region is flat valley land with elevations varying from 220 feet on the west to 380 feet on the east. The region was well-watered from Sierran sources, with the San Joaquin River running westward through the south-central area, and smaller Cottonwood Creek through the north area. Native vegetation was predominately valley grassland, with scattered valley oaks in the eastern portion. Willows, cottonwoods, and occasional sycamores lined the rivers. A dense cottonwood grove bordered the San Joaquin River from Herndon almost to Pinedale, and a grove of valley oak occurred along the river north of Pinedale.
 ==Spanish Period Expedition References==
@@ Line 151: / Line 151: @@
 ==Classic Ethnographic References==
-[[Image:Herndon1.png|right|Herndon Map]]''Merriam 1903''. Merriam (1967:416) learned about the San Joaquin River tribes from Mrs. Matthews, “an old Kosh’-o woman”, during a visit to the Millerton-Table Mountain area on October 30, 1903. She told him about the Dumna, Gashowu, Pitkachi, and Chukchansi Yokuts, but did not mention the Hoyima:
+''Merriam 1903''. Merriam (1967:416) learned about the San Joaquin River tribes from Mrs. Matthews, “an old Kosh’-o woman”, during a visit to the Millerton-Table Mountain area on October 30, 1903. She told him about the Dumna, Gashowu, Pitkachi, and Chukchansi Yokuts, but did not mention the Hoyima:
 :The Pit-kah’-te or Pitkatche inhabited the plain and lower San Joaquin up to Pullasky (the name of which has since been changed to Friant). … Another tribe, named Woh-kee'-che and closely related to the Pit-kah'-te, lived on the south side of San Joaquin River lower down. They are now extinct (Merriam 1967:417).

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 =HERNDON REGION – HOYIMA LOCAL TRIBE=
-[[Image:Herndon1.png|right|Herndon Map]]The Hoyima local tribe of Northern Valley Yokuts-speakers are confidently placed as the contact-period inhabitants of the northern and central Herndon region, along Cottonwood Creek and a nearby stretch of the San Joaquin River, on the basis of Mexican expedition evidence and later ethnographic accounts. We are less confident about the extent of their land control in that portion of the Herndon region that lies south of the San Joaquin River. The Herndon region straddles the Fresno-Madera county boundary along the San Joaquin River; it is now the site of the small towns of Biota, Herndon, and Pinedale, as well as the northwest portion of the sprawling city of Fresno. While the Hoyima are well-documented to have lived on the north side of the San Joaquin River and along Cottonwood Creek, Kroeber indicated that the area south of the San Joaquin River belonged to the Pitkachi, another Northern Valley Yokuts-speaking local tribe. But if that was so, the Hoyima were pinned into a remarkably small area, while the Pitcatchi held an inordinately large area (see Kerman-region discussion of the Pitkachi). Kroeber placed the Wakichi, still another Northern Valley Yokuts local tribe, along the south side of the San Joaquin River in the Pinedale vicinity of the Herndon region, extending over into the Friant region to the east; the Wakichi, represented only once or twice in mission baptismal records, seem to have been a sub-section of the Hoyima, perhaps a single village group. Kroeber also placed one Hoyima village, Moyoliu, farther upriver in the Friant region. We tentatively suggest that Hoyima habitation on the San Joaquin River upstream from the Herndon region was probably part of the post-Gold Rush gathering of local tribes in the neighborhood of Fort Miller, now under Millerton Lake.
+[[Image:Topo_Herndon.png|right|Herndon Map]]The Hoyima local tribe of Northern Valley Yokuts-speakers are confidently placed as the contact-period inhabitants of the northern and central Herndon region, along Cottonwood Creek and a nearby stretch of the San Joaquin River, on the basis of Mexican expedition evidence and later ethnographic accounts. We are less confident about the extent of their land control in that portion of the Herndon region that lies south of the San Joaquin River. The Herndon region straddles the Fresno-Madera county boundary along the San Joaquin River; it is now the site of the small towns of Biota, Herndon, and Pinedale, as well as the northwest portion of the sprawling city of Fresno. While the Hoyima are well-documented to have lived on the north side of the San Joaquin River and along Cottonwood Creek, Kroeber indicated that the area south of the San Joaquin River belonged to the Pitkachi, another Northern Valley Yokuts-speaking local tribe. But if that was so, the Hoyima were pinned into a remarkably small area, while the Pitcatchi held an inordinately large area (see Kerman-region discussion of the Pitkachi). Kroeber placed the Wakichi, still another Northern Valley Yokuts local tribe, along the south side of the San Joaquin River in the Pinedale vicinity of the Herndon region, extending over into the Friant region to the east; the Wakichi, represented only once or twice in mission baptismal records, seem to have been a sub-section of the Hoyima, perhaps a single village group. Kroeber also placed one Hoyima village, Moyoliu, farther upriver in the Friant region. We tentatively suggest that Hoyima habitation on the San Joaquin River upstream from the Herndon region was probably part of the post-Gold Rush gathering of local tribes in the neighborhood of Fort Miller, now under Millerton Lake.
 The Hoyima lived along the eastern edge of major Franciscan mission outreach impact; just to their west, the Copcha were completely absorbed into the mission system, while the Dumna to the east sent only a handful of people to the missions. Ninety-four Hoyimas were baptized, spread among four different missions (predominately San Juan Bautista) over the long time period of 1820-1842. Additionally, three Wakichi individuals were baptized at Mission Soledad. The baptized Hoyima had an inordinately high child to adult ratio (55 people under 15 to 42 over 15); most groups brought to the missions in the 1820s had twice as many adults as children, due to years of disease-induced infant mortality. The Hoyima at the missions also had a remarkably low representation of pre-mission married couples, only five, and a large number of widowed women. These demographic patterns, together with documentation of Mexican attacks on the Hoyima in 1826 and 1828 for horse raiding, suggest that the missionized Hoyima were the remnant portion of a partially-annihilated people.
@@ Line 151: / Line 151: @@
 ==Classic Ethnographic References==
-''Merriam 1903''. Merriam (1967:416) learned about the San Joaquin River tribes from Mrs. Matthews, “an old Kosh’-o woman”, during a visit to the Millerton-Table Mountain area on October 30, 1903. She told him about the Dumna, Gashowu, Pitkachi, and Chukchansi Yokuts, but did not mention the Hoyima:
+[[Image:Herndon1.png|right|Herndon Map]]''Merriam 1903''. Merriam (1967:416) learned about the San Joaquin River tribes from Mrs. Matthews, “an old Kosh’-o woman”, during a visit to the Millerton-Table Mountain area on October 30, 1903. She told him about the Dumna, Gashowu, Pitkachi, and Chukchansi Yokuts, but did not mention the Hoyima:
 :The Pit-kah’-te or Pitkatche inhabited the plain and lower San Joaquin up to Pullasky (the name of which has since been changed to Friant). … Another tribe, named Woh-kee'-che and closely related to the Pit-kah'-te, lived on the south side of San Joaquin River lower down. They are now extinct (Merriam 1967:417).

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